Refractory Metals
Tungsten (W) has the highest melting point of all metals at 3420°C. It possesses exceptional high-temperature strength and thermal stability, widely used in lamp filaments and high-temperature furnace components.
Molybdenum (Mo) has a melting point of 2610°C with balanced physicochemical properties, excellent creep resistance, and high thermal conductivity. It is the most widely used refractory metal.
Tantalum (Ta) has a melting point of 3017°C and exhibits extremely high corrosion resistance, not reacting with hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, or aqua regia.
Niobium (Nb) has a melting point of 2477°C with high corrosion resistance, used in superconducting cables and magnet materials.
High-Temperature Alloys
Nickel-based superalloys operate at 650-1000°C with the highest high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance, extensively used in aero-engine turbine blades. Iron-based alloys operate at 750-780°C for medium-temperature applications. Cobalt-based alloys offer strong high-temperature resistance but at higher cost.